1. Battered piles increase end-bearing capacity more than vertical piles in competent soil
2. Vertical piles resist lateral forces better due to greater soil friction at depth
3. Battered piles convert lateral loads into axial forces, enhancing resistance
4. Vertical piles simplify driving but risk buckling under combined loads

Explanation

Explanation: Battered piles (e.g., 1:4 slope, ~14° via tan⁻¹(1/4)) resist lateral forces (500 kN from wind/waves) by converting them into axial compression or tension along their inclined axis, creating a more efficient load path than vertical piles, which depend on bending and soil friction—less effective under high lateral loads per AASHTO LRFD lateral capacity checks (e.g., p-y curves). End-bearing (A) is comparable if both hit competent soil; friction (B) doesn’t decisively favor vertical piles here; buckling (D) is secondary to lateral stability. 

Learning Resources:

• Review AASHTO LRFD, 9th Edition (2020), Section 10.7.3 for lateral pile analysis; CHBDC S6-19, Section 6.8.5 addresses lateral pile resistance.
• Study the Seven Mile Bridge (Florida Keys, 1982) for battered pile applications.
• Tip: Optimize batter angles (10°-20°) for lateral resistance and constructability.